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J/ApJS/95/1 Atlas of Quasar Energy Distributions (Elvis+ 1994)
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Atlas of Quasar Energy Distributions
Elvis M., Wilkes B.J., McDowell J.C., Green R.F., Bechtold J.,
Willner S.P., Oey M.S., Polomski E., Cutri R.
<Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 95, 1 (1994)>
=1994ApJS...95....1E
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ADC_Keywords: QSOs ; Radio sources ; X-ray sources ; Ultraviolet ;
Infrared sources
Keywords: atlases - galaxies: photometry - quasars: general
Abstract:
We present an atlas of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of
normal, non-blazar, quasars over the whole available range (radio to 10
keV X-rays) of the electromagnetic spectrum. The primary (UVSX) sample
includes 47 quasars for which the spectral energy distributions
include X-ray spectral indices and UV data. Of these, 29 are radio
quiet, and 18 are radio loud. The SEDs are presented both in figures
and in tabular form, with additional tabular material published on
CD-ROM. Previously unpublished observational data for a second set of
quasars excluded from the primary sample are also tabulated. The
effects of host galaxy starlight contamination and foreground
extinction on the UVSX sample are considered and the sample is used to
investigate the range of SED properties. Of course, the properties we
derive are influenced strongly by the selection effects induced by
quasar discovery techniques. We derive the mean energy distribution
(MED) for radio-loud and radio-quiet objects and present the
bolometric corrections derived from it. We note, however, that the
dispersion about this mean is large (~one decade for both the infrared
and ultraviolet components when the MED is normalized at the
near-infrared inflection). At least part of the dispersion in the
ultraviolet may be due to time variability, but this is unlikely to be
important in the infrared. The existence of such a large dispersion
indicates that the MED reflects only some of the properties of quasars
and so should be used only with caution.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3a 107 53 Adopted X-ray power-law fits
table3b 75 20 Observational details for new X-ray power-law fits
table3.tex 92 225 LaTeX version of table3
tablea1 15 46 Adopted continuum bands
tablea2 55 3401 IUE continuum bands
tablea3 49 572 Optical continuum measurements
tablea4 17 41 Adopted extinction law
tablea5 15 155 Starlight Template
tableb1 120 4791 Observed energy distribution
table6 102 141 Near-infrared photometry
table6.tex 86 505 LaTeX version of table6
table9 99 134 Radio fluxes
table9.tex 80 322 LaTeX version of table9
table10 48 46 Millimeter fluxes
table10.tex 69 106 LaTeX version of table10
table11 22 13 Magnitude scale zero points
table11.tex 59 61 LaTeX version of table11
table12 36 37 Adopted host galaxy parameters
table12.tex 75 99 LaTeX version of table12
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3a
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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2- 10 A9 --- Name Quasar name
12 A1 --- l_F0.2 Limit flag for F2 flux
13- 17 F5.2 uJy F0.2 ? Flux at 0.2 KeV
19- 21 F3.1 uJy E_F0.2 ? Error in F2 flux (upper limit)
24- 26 F3.1 uJy e_F0.2 ? Error in F2 flux (lower limit)
28- 32 F5.2 --- alpha10 Energy index at 1 keV
34- 37 F4.2 --- E_alpha10 ? Error in energy index alpha10 (upper limit)
40- 43 F4.2 --- e_alpha10 ? Error in energy index alpha10 (lower limit)
47- 50 F4.2 uJy F10 Flux at 1 keV or lower limit of the flux
if interval
51 A1 --- n_F10 Separation when interval of flux at 1 keV
52- 54 F3.1 uJy F10u ? Upper limit of the flux when interval
56- 59 F4.2 uJy E_F10 ? Error in F10 flux (upper limit)
62- 65 F4.2 uJy e_F10 ? Error in F10 flux (lower limit)
70- 71 I2 --- Ref Reference (1)
73- 76 F4.2 --- alpha40 ? Energy index at 40 keV
78- 81 F4.2 --- E_alpha40 ? Error in energy index alpha40 (upper limit)
84- 87 F4.2 --- e_alpha40 ? Error in energy index alpha40 (lower limit)
92 A1 --- l_F40 Limit flag on F40 flux
93- 96 F4.2 uJy F40 ? Flux at 4 keV or lower limit of the flux
if interval
97 A1 --- n_F40 Separation when interval of flux at 4 keV
98-100 F3.1 uJy F40u ? Upper limit of the flux F40 when interval
102-104 F3.1 uJy e_F40 ? rms uncertainty on F40 flux
106-107 I2 --- ref2 ? Reference for F40 flux
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Note (1): 1) This paper;
2) Wilkes and Elvis (1987ApJ...323..243W)
3) Masnou et al. (1992A&A...253...35M)
4) Elvis et al. (1991ApJ...378..537E)
5) Comastri et al. (1992ApJ...384...62C)
6) Turner and Pounds (1989MNRAS.240..833T)
7) Williams et al. (1992ApJ...389..157W)
8) Ohashi et al. (1992ApJ...398...87O)
9) Della Ceca et al., Cat. <VII/181>
10) Turner and Pounds (1988MNRAS.232..463T)
11) Tananbaum et al. (1986ApJ...305...57T)
12) Saxton et al. (1993MNRAS.262...63S)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3b
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Quasar name
11- 15 I5 --- Seq Sequence number
17- 33 A17 --- Date Observation date
35- 39 I5 s Exp Exposure time
41- 44 F4.1 --- Gain Gain
46- 49 A4 --- PHA ? PHA channels
51- 54 I4 --- Counts ? Fit counts
56- 59 F4.2 ct/s Rate ? Count rate
61- 64 F4.2 --- alpha ? Spectral index
66- 70 F5.2 10+20cm-2 NH ? Hydrogen column density
72- 75 F4.1 --- ki2 ? Ki2 (1)
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Note (1): See Wilkes & Elvis (1987ApJ...323..243W) for details
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 0.1nm Lambda Nominal Wavelength
6- 9 I4 0.1nm Range1 Wavelength range (lower value)
10 A1 --- --- [-] Separation flag
11- 14 I4 0.1nm Range2 Wavelength range (upper value)
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Note: Continuum spectrophotometry has been binned into the rest frame bandpass
defined by this table, chosen to avoid strong emission lines as described
in the text.
Avoiding:
1000-1050 L-beta
1150-1275 L-alpha 1215/NV (20000 km/s)
1375-1450 OIV 1402
1500-1600 CIV 1550
1850-1950 CIII 1909
2700-2900 Mg II 2798
3300-3550 NeV 3426
3650-3750 [OIII] 3727
3850-4450 Ne II 3869, 3968, H delta 4101, H gamma 4340
4650-5100 H Beta 4861 OIII
6250-6850 OI 6300, Halpha 6562
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name QSO name
11- 15 A5 "MM/YY" Obs Observation date
17- 24 A8 --- Exp1 First exposure
26- 33 A8 --- Exp2 Second exposure
35- 38 I4 0.1nm Lambda Lambda (rest)
40- 44 F5.2 Hz log(nu) Observed frequency
46- 50 F5.2 Jy.Hz log(nuFnu) ? Flux in the observed frame
52- 55 F4.2 Jy.Hz e_log(nuFnu) ? rms uncertainty on log(nuFnu)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea3
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name QSO name
11- 18 A8 --- Date Observation date
20- 27 A8 --- Exp Exposure
29- 32 I4 nm Lambda Lambda (rest)
34- 38 F5.2 Hz log(nu) Observed frequency
40- 44 F5.2 Jy.Hz log(nuFnu) ? Flux in the observed frame
46- 49 F4.2 Jy.Hz e_log(nuFnu) ? rms uncertainty on log(nuFnu)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea4
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- Ref Extinction law reference (1)
6- 11 F6.3 Hz log(nu) Frequency
13- 17 F5.3 --- R(nu) Extinction relative to extinction at V
(A(nu)/A(V))
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Note (1): RL85: Rieke and Lebofsky 1985
SM79: Savage and Mathis 1979
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea5
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 F6.3 Hz log(nu) Frequency
8- 13 F6.3 Hz.solLum log(nuLnu) Energy distribution of starlight template
used for host galaxy subtraction,
normalized at V
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Quasar name
11- 15 F5.2 Hz log(nu0) Frequency nu0
18- 22 F5.2 Hz log(nu1) Frequency nu1
25- 29 F5.2 Hz log(nu2) Frequency nu2
31 A1 --- l_log(nuFnu) Limit flag on log(nuFnu)
32- 36 F5.2 Jy.Hz log(nuFnu) Flux
42- 45 F4.2 Jy.Hz E_log(nuFnu) ? Error on lognuFnu (upper limit)
51- 54 F4.2 Jy.Hz e_log(nuFnu) ? Error on lognuFnu (lower limit)
61- 68 A8 "DD/MM/YY" Date Observation date
73- 78 F6.1 arcsec Aper ? Aperture
80- 86 A7 --- Filt Filter or detector
89-103 A15 --- Inst Intrument or telescope
106-120 A15 --- Ref References
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Quasar name
11- 15 F5.2 mag Jmag ? J (1.24um) magnitude
16 A1 --- u_Jmag Uncertainty flag on J magnitude
17- 20 F4.2 mag e_Jmag ? rms uncertainty on J magnitude
23- 27 F5.2 mag Hmag ? H (1.63um) magnitude
28 A1 --- u_Hmag Uncertainty flag on H magnitude
29- 32 F4.2 mag e_Hmag ? rms uncertainty on H magnitude
35- 39 F5.2 mag Kmag ? K (2.19um) magnitude
40 A1 --- u_Kmag Uncertainty flag on K magnitude
41- 45 F5.3 mag e_Kmag ? rms uncertainty on K magnitude
47 A1 --- l_3.4mag limit flag on 3.4um magnitude
49- 53 F5.2 mag 3.4mag ? 3.4um magnitude (Delta{lambda}=0.2um)
54 A1 --- u_3.4mag Uncertainty flag on 3.4um magnitude
55- 58 F4.2 mag e_3.4mag ? rms uncertainty on 3.4mag or error upper
limit if e(3.4mag)l not blank
61- 64 F4.2 mag e(3.4mag)l ? Error in 3.4mag (lower limit)
67- 71 F5.2 mag L'mag ? L' (3.79um) magnitude
73- 76 F4.2 mag e_L'mag ? rms uncertainty on L' magnitude
78- 88 A11 --- Date Observation date
90- 98 A9 --- Tel Telescope
100-101 I2 arcsec Beam Beam size
102 A1 --- Note [ac ] When a, a 5" aperture was used for the
3.4um band measurement.
When c: possible clouds, uncertainties
believed adequate
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Quasar name
11 A1 --- l_Nu Limit flag on nu
12- 19 F8.2 GHz Nu ? Frequency
20 A1 --- l_Score Limit flag on Score
21- 28 F8.2 mJy Score ? Core flux (1)
32- 38 F7.2 mJy e_Score ? rms uncertainty on Score
41 A1 --- l_Sext Limit flag on Sext
42- 49 F8.2 mJy Sext ? Extended flux (1)
53- 58 F6.2 mJy e_Sext ? rms uncertainty on Sext
60- 64 A5 "MM/YY" Date Observation date (2)
65 A1 --- u_Date [?] Uncertainty flag on year of observation
71- 75 A5 --- Tel Telescope (3)
82- 83 A2 --- l_Res Limite flag on resolution
85- 91 F7.2 arcsec Res ? Resolution
93 A1 --- u_Res [?] Uncertainty flag on resolution
98- 99 I2 --- Ref References (4)
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Note (1): The division of fluxes into core and extended is arbitrary when only
low-resolution observations are available. In such case the presence
of a flux in the 'core' column indicates we have chosen to use it in
the construction of the energy distribution.
Note (2): MM/YY for a month of observation
YY for a year of observation
YY-YY for several years of observation
Note (3): Telescope acronyms are:
FCRAO: Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory, MA
GB: Green Bank 300 foot telescope
NRAO: NRAO Green Bank Interferometer, WVA
OVRO: Owens Valley Radio Observatory, CA
PKS: Parkes 64-m DSN telescope, NSW, Australia
VLA: Very Large Array, NM
VLBI: Goldstone and Madrid DSN telescopes
WSRT: Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, Netherlands.
Note (4): 1: Kellerman et al. (1989AJ.....98.1195K)
2: I. Gioia, private communication
3: Gower and Hutchings (1984AJ.....89.1658G)
4: Unger et al. (1987MNRAS.228..521U)
5: Preston et al. (1985AJ.....90.1599)
6: Feigelson, Isobe and Kembhavi (1984AJ.....89.1464F)
7: Rudnick, Sitko, and Stein (1984AJ.....89..753R)
8: Miley and Hartsuijker (1978A+AS...34..129M)
9: Price and Milne (1965AuJPh..18..329P)
10: Pooley and Henbest (1974MNRAS.169..477P)
11: Perley (1982AJ.....87..859P)
12: Spencer et al. (1989MNRAS.240..657S)
13: Swarup, Sinha, and Hilldrup (1984MNRAS.208..813S)
14: Wills (1979ApJS...39..291W)
15: Owen, Porcas and Neff (1978AJ.....83.1009O)
16: Hintzen, Ulvestad and Owen (1983AJ.....88..709H)
17: Antonucci and Barvainis (1988ApJ...325L..21A)
18: Hutchings and Gower (1985AJ.....90..405H)
19: Shimmins and Bolton (1981AuJPh..34..471S)
20: Bolton and Butler (1975AuJPA..34...33B)
21: Wills (1975AuJPS..38....1W)
22: Ekers (1969AuJPS...7....1E)
23: Shimmins and Bolton (1972AuJPS..23....1S)
24: Shimmins and Bolton (1972AuJPS..26....1S)
25: Meurs and Wilson (1981A+AS...45...99M)
26: Edelson (1987ApJ...313..651E)
27: Gregory and Condon (1991) Cat. <VIII/14>
28: White and Becker Cat. <J/MNRAS/251/330>
29: Wright et al. Cat. <J/MNRAS/251/330>
30: Jagers et al. (1982A+A...105..279J)
31: Bolton et al. (1971AuJPh..24..889B)
32: Shimmins et al. (1966AuJPh..19..837S)
33: Barvainis and Antonucci (1989ApJS...70..257B)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Quasar name
11- 14 F4.2 mm lambda Line
15 A1 --- l_S Limit flag on flux
16- 23 F8.2 mJy S Flux at lambda
24- 29 F6.1 mJy e_S ? rms uncertainty on flux
31- 34 I4 yr Date Obsercation date
40- 44 A5 --- Tel Telescope
47- 48 I2 --- Ref References (1)
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Note (1): 1) Antonucci, Barvainis and Alloin (1990) (1990ApJ...353..416A)
2) Barvainis and Antonucci (1989) (1989ApJS...70..257B)
3) Chini, Kreysa and Biermann (1989) (1989A&A...219...87C)
4) Clegg, et al. (1983) (1983ApJ...273...58C)
5) Edelson, Malkan and Rieke (1987) (1987ApJ...321..233E)
6) Engargiola et al. (1988) (1988ApJ...332L..19E)
7) Ennis, Neguebauer and Werner (1982) (1982ApJ...262..460E)
8) Landau, Epstein and Rather (1980)
9) Owen, et al. (1978)
10) Owen and Puschell (1982)
11) Robson, et al. (1985) (1985MNRAS.213..355R)
12) Steppe, et al. (1988) (1988A&AS...75..317S)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Band Band
6- 10 F5.2 um Lambda Reference lambda
12- 17 F6.1 Jy Zeropt1 Zero point (Vega) (1)
19- 22 I4 Jy Zeropt2 Zero point (alpha = 1) (1)
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Note (1): The zero points correspond to a system in which the magnitude of Vega
is exactly zero. Values are given for an object with the same
spectrum as Vega and for an object with a flat energy distribution
(power-law spectrum F_{nu}_~{nu}^-{alpha}^ of slope unity)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Object name
11- 15 F5.2 solLum logL H band luminosity (1)
17- 20 F4.2 solLum E_logL Error in logL (upper limit)
22- 25 F4.2 solLum e_logL Error in logL (lower limit)
27- 31 F5.2 kpc Rad Half-light radius (1)
33 I1 --- Ref References (2)
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Note (1): Adopted luminosities and half light radii for host galaxies, derived
as discussed in the text.
Note (2): No spatial information was available for objects marked with
reference (0), and they have been assigned the median luminosity of
the remainder of the sample.
1: Boroson, Oke and Green (1982) (1982ApJ...263...32B)
2: Gehren et al. (1984) (1984ApJ...278...11G)
3: Smith et al. (1986) (1986ApJ...306...64S)
4: Boroson and Oke (1984) (1984ApJ...281..535B)
5: McAlary et al. (1983) (1983ApJS...52..341M)
6: Neugebauer et al. (1985) (1985ApJ...298..275N)
7: Yee and Green (1987) (1987AJ.....94..618Y)
8: Hutchings, Crampton and Campbell (1984) (1984ApJ...280...41H)
9: Griersmith and Visvanathan (1979) (1979A&A....79..329G)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
References:
Antonucci and Barvainis, 1988 Apj 325, 21 =1988ApJ...325L..21A
Antonucci et al. 1990, ApJ 353, 416 =1990ApJ...353..416A
Barvainis and Antonucci, 1989, ApJS 70, 257 =1989ApJS...70..257B
Bolton and Butler, 1975, Aust. J. Phys. Supl. 34, 33 =1975AuJPA..34...33B
Bolton et al., 1971, Aust. J. Phys. 24, 889 =1971AuJPh..24..889B
Boroson and Oke, 1984, ApJ 281, 535 =1984ApJ...281..535B
Boroson, Oke and Green, 1982, ApJ 263, 32 =1982ApJ...263...32B
Chini, Kreysa and Biermann, 1989, A&A 219, 87 =1989A&A...219...87C
Clegg, et al., 1983, ApJ 273, 58 =1983ApJ...273...58C
Comastri et al., 1992, ApJ 384, 62 =1992ApJ...384...62C
Della Ceca et al., 1990, ApJS 72, 471 =Cat. <VII/181>
Edelson, 1987, ApJ 313, 651 =1987ApJ...313..651E
Edelson, Malkan and Rieke, 1987, ApJ 321, 233 =1987ApJ...321..233E
Ekers, 1969, Aust. J. Phys. Supl. 7, 1 =1969AuJPS...7....1E
Elvis et al., 1991, ApJ 378, 537 =1991ApJ...378..537E
Engargiola et al., 1988, ApJ 332, 19 =1988ApJ...332L..19E
Ennis et al. 1982, ApJ 262, 460 =1982ApJ...262..460E
Feigelson et al., 1984, AJ 89, 1464 =1984AJ.....89.1464F
Gehren et al., 1984, ApJ 278, 11 =1984ApJ...278...11G
Gower and Hutchings, 1984, AJ 89, 1658 =1984AJ.....89.1658G
Gregory and Condon, 1991, ApJS 95, 1011 =Cat. <VIII/14>
Griersmith and Visvanathan, 1979, A&A 79, 329 =1979A&A....79..329G
Hintzen, Ulvestad and Owen, 1983, AJ 88, 709 =1983AJ.....88..709H
Hutchings and Gower, 1985, AJ 90, 405 =1985AJ.....90..405H
Hutchings et al.. 1984, ApJ 280, 41 =1984ApJ...280...41H
Gioia I., private communication
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Kellerman et al., 1989, AJ 98, 1195 =1989AJ.....98.1195K
Landau, Epstein and Rather, 1980 AJ 85, 363 =1980AJ.....85..363L
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Owen and Puschell, 1982, AJ 87, 595 =1982AJ.....87..595O
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Origin: AAS CD-ROM series, Volume 3, 1995 Lee Brotzman [ADS] 13-Nov-94
================================================================================
(End) [CDS] 22-Feb-1996