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J/A+AS/104/179 Surface photometry in Shapley-Ames galaxies (Goudfrooij+ 1994)
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Interstellar matter in Shapley-Ames elliptical galaxies.
I. Multicolour CCD surface photometry
Goudfrooij P., Hansen L., Joergensen H.E., Noergaard-Nielsen H.U.,
de Jong T., van den Hoek L.B.
<Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 104, 179 (1994)>
=1994A&AS..104..179G (SIMBAD/NED RefCode)
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Keywords: galaxies: elliptical - galaxies: fundamental parameters -
galaxies: photometry
Abstract:
We present accurate CCD surface photometry in Johnson B and V and Cousins I
for a complete, magnitude-limited sample of 56 elliptical galaxies from the
RSA catalog. For each galaxy we have determined radial profiles of surface
brightness, B-V and/or B-I colour index, ellipticity, position angle, and
the third- and fourth order Fourier coefficients that describe the
deviations of the B, V, and I isophotes from perfect ellipses, using a full
two-dimensional fitting technique. The present sample contains 13 galaxies
for which no previous isophote analysis has been published, and 26 without
published colour gradients. The radial profiles of the ellipticity,
position angle, and the third- and fourth-order Fourier coefficients are
found to show considerable detail. The profiles are mostly similar in all
passbands, except in cases where dust lanes or patches are present. In this
respect, the higher-order Fourier coefficients turn out to be sensitive
diagnostic tools for the presence of dust in elliptical galaxies. Isophotal
deviations from ellipses on the level of 0.5-1% are found to be common in
elliptical galaxies. As noted before by others, these deviations are due
to structures that do not necessarily align with the apparent major or
minor axes of the galaxies, advocating the use of both the cosine and sine
higher-order terms in correlation studies. We show that fitting outer
radial intensity profiles of elliptical galaxies is an excellent tool for
determining the sky background for the surface photometry. The sky values
determined from a power-law fit to the outer intensity profiles are found
to be within 0.1% of the sky values at the corners of present-day large
CCDs where the contribution of galaxy light is negligible. The average
colour gradients for the sample galaxies in B-V and B-I are 0.06 and 0.14
mag arcsec^-2^ per decade in radius, respectively. This compares well with
colour gradients in elliptical galaxies found by others. The small
uncertainty introduced by the sky background determination method applied
here results in an average internal uncertainty of only ~ 0.01 mag for our
colour gradients, which is significantly better than the results of previous
studies. The profiles are compared extensively with results from other
authors when available. The result is encouraging, especially for the
ellipticity and position angle where we find mean RMS differences of
0.01 and 1.8deg , respectively. The surface brightness profiles generally
agree to within +/- 0.0.5mag.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table 340 56 Basic parameters, zero points, backgrounds,
colour corrections; colour indices,
ellipticity, position angle and their
gradients, and effective higher order
residual terms
(table1, 4, 5 and 6 of the paper)
table3 96 93 Observing log
ngc596b 420 45 b photometry of NGC596
ngc596v 420 45 v photometry of NGC596
ngc720b 420 42 b photometry of NGC720
ngc720i 420 45 i photometry of NGC720
ngc720v 420 48 v photometry of NGC720
ngc821b 420 46 b photometry of NGC821
ngc821i 420 44 i photometry of NGC821
ngc821v 420 46 v photometry of NGC821
ngc1395b 420 45 b photometry of NGC1395
ngc1395i 420 44 i photometry of NGC1395
ngc1395v 420 45 v photometry of NGC1395
ngc1399b 420 45 b photometry of NGC1399
ngc1399i 420 45 i photometry of NGC1399
ngc1399v 420 46 v photometry of NGC1399
ngc1404b 420 47 b photometry of NGC1404
ngc1404i 420 43 i photometry of NGC1404
ngc1404v 420 47 v photometry of NGC1404
ngc1407b 420 48 b photometry of NGC1407
ngc1407i 420 46 i photometry of NGC1407
ngc1407v 420 47 v photometry of NGC1407
ngc1427b 420 46 b photometry of NGC1427
ngc1427v 420 45 v photometry of NGC1427
ic1459b 420 41 b photometry of IC1459
ic1459i 420 44 i photometry of IC1459
ic1459v 420 44 v photometry of IC1459
ngc1537b 420 47 b photometry of NGC1537
ngc1537i 420 43 i photometry of NGC1537
ngc1537v 420 45 v photometry of NGC1537
ngc1549b 420 49 b photometry of NGC1549
ngc1549i 420 42 i photometry of NGC1549
ngc1549v 420 46 v photometry of NGC1549
ngc1700b 420 44 b photometry of NGC1700
ngc1700i 420 29 i photometry of NGC1700
ngc1700v 420 46 v photometry of NGC1700
ngc2300b 420 45 b photometry of NGC2300
ngc2300i 420 42 i photometry of NGC2300
ngc2300v 420 45 v photometry of NGC2300
ngc2325b 420 45 b photometry of NGC2325
ngc2325v 420 45 v photometry of NGC2325
ngc2974b 420 46 b photometry of NGC2974
ngc2974i 420 43 i photometry of NGC2974
ngc2974v 420 52 v photometry of NGC2974
ngc2986b 420 47 b photometry of NGC2986
ngc2986i 420 44 i photometry of NGC2986
ngc2986v 420 47 v photometry of NGC2986
ngc3136b 420 47 b photometry of NGC3136
ngc3136i 420 46 i photometry of NGC3136
ngc3136v 420 48 v photometry of NGC3136
ngc3193b 420 44 b photometry of NGC3193
ngc3193i 420 40 i photometry of NGC3193
ngc3193v 420 43 v photometry of NGC3193
ngc3250b 420 48 b photometry of NGC3250
ngc3250i 420 44 i photometry of NGC3250
ngc3250v 420 48 v photometry of NGC3250
ic3370b 420 39 b photometry of IC3370
ic3370i 420 44 i photometry of IC3370
ic3370v 420 40 v photometry of IC3370
ngc3377b 420 45 b photometry of NGC3377
ngc3377i 420 43 i photometry of NGC3377
ngc3377v 420 48 v photometry of NGC3377
ngc3379b 420 54 b photometry of NGC3379
ngc3379i 420 47 i photometry of NGC3379
ngc3379v 420 51 v photometry of NGC3379
ngc3557b 420 40 b photometry of NGC3557
ngc3557v 420 46 v photometry of NGC3557
ngc3608b 420 47 b photometry of NGC3608
ngc3608i 420 43 i photometry of NGC3608
ngc3608v 420 44 v photometry of NGC3608
ngc3610b 420 46 b photometry of NGC3610
ngc3610i 420 41 i photometry of NGC3610
ngc3610v 420 46 v photometry of NGC3610
ngc3613b 420 46 b photometry of NGC3613
ngc3613i 420 41 i photometry of NGC3613
ngc3613v 420 46 v photometry of NGC3613
ngc3640b 420 48 b photometry of NGC3640
ngc3640i 420 43 i photometry of NGC3640
ngc3640v 420 47 v photometry of NGC3640
ngc3706b 420 47 b photometry of NGC3706
ngc3706i 420 48 i photometry of NGC3706
ngc3904b 420 44 b photometry of NGC3904
ngc3904i 420 44 i photometry of NGC3904
ngc3962b 420 44 b photometry of NGC3962
ngc3962i 420 43 i photometry of NGC3962
ngc3962v 420 47 v photometry of NGC3962
ngc4125b 420 46 b photometry of NGC4125
ngc4125i 420 41 i photometry of NGC4125
ngc4125v 420 46 v photometry of NGC4125
ngc4261b 420 34 b photometry of NGC4261
ngc4261v 420 36 v photometry of NGC4261
ngc4278b 420 48 b photometry of NGC4278
ngc4278i 420 44 i photometry of NGC4278
ngc4278v 420 46 v photometry of NGC4278
ic4296b 420 49 b photometry of IC4296
ic4296i 420 46 i photometry of IC4296
ic4296v 420 46 v photometry of IC4296
ngc4365b 420 48 b photometry of NGC4365
ngc4365i 420 48 i photometry of NGC4365
ngc4365v 420 48 v photometry of NGC4365
ngc4373b 420 48 b photometry of NGC4373
ngc4373v 420 47 v photometry of NGC4373
ngc4374b 420 47 b photometry of NGC4374
ngc4374i 420 44 i photometry of NGC4374
ngc4473b 420 50 b photometry of NGC4473
ngc4473i 420 42 i photometry of NGC4473
ngc4473v 420 42 v photometry of NGC4473
ngc4486b 420 52 b photometry of NGC4486
ngc4486i 420 55 i photometry of NGC4486
ngc4486v 420 52 v photometry of NGC4486
ngc4494b 420 47 b photometry of NGC4494
ngc4494v 420 50 v photometry of NGC4494
ngc4564b 420 41 b photometry of NGC4564
ngc4564i 420 39 i photometry of NGC4564
ngc4564v 420 42 v photometry of NGC4564
ngc4589b 420 48 b photometry of NGC4589
ngc4589i 420 36 i photometry of NGC4589
ngc4589v 420 46 v photometry of NGC4589
ngc4621b 420 43 b photometry of NGC4621
ngc4621i 420 40 i photometry of NGC4621
ngc4621v 420 42 v photometry of NGC4621
ngc4660b 420 42 b photometry of NGC4660
ngc4660i 420 39 i photometry of NGC4660
ngc4660v 420 43 v photometry of NGC4660
ngc4696b 420 50 b photometry of NGC4696
ngc4696i 420 51 i photometry of NGC4696
ngc4696v 420 41 v photometry of NGC4696
ngc4697b 420 49 b photometry of NGC4697
ngc4697i 420 48 i photometry of NGC4697
ngc4697v 420 48 v photometry of NGC4697
ngc5018b 420 45 b photometry of NGC5018
ngc5018i 420 44 i photometry of NGC5018
ngc5018v 420 45 v photometry of NGC5018
ngc5044b 420 48 b photometry of NGC5044
ngc5044i 420 46 i photometry of NGC5044
ngc5044v 420 47 v photometry of NGC5044
ngc5061b 420 47 b photometry of NGC5061
ngc5061i 420 44 i photometry of NGC5061
ngc5061v 420 47 v photometry of NGC5061
ngc5322b 420 46 b photometry of NGC5322
ngc5322i 420 42 i photometry of NGC5322
ngc5322v 420 45 v photometry of NGC5322
ngc5576b 420 48 b photometry of NGC5576
ngc5576i 420 43 i photometry of NGC5576
ngc5576v 420 47 v photometry of NGC5576
ngc5813b 420 48 b photometry of NGC5813
ngc5813i 420 43 i photometry of NGC5813
ngc5813v 420 43 v photometry of NGC5813
ngc6482i 420 39 i photometry of NGC6482
ngc6482v 420 40 v photometry of NGC6482
ngc7144b 420 45 b photometry of NGC7144
ngc7144v 420 45 v photometry of NGC7144
ngc7507b 420 44 b photometry of NGC7507
ngc7507i 420 44 i photometry of NGC7507
ngc7507v 420 44 v photometry of NGC7507
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table2 : Telescopes and instrumentation
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Run Aug 87 Oct 87 Apr 88 Jan 90 Mar 90 May 90
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Obs. | ESO ESO ESO LPO ESO ESO
Tel. | 2.2 1.54 1.54 1.0 1.54 1.54
CCD | RCA #5 RCA #8 RCA #8 RCA #2 RCA #15 RCA #15
Type | SID 501 EX SID 006 EX SID 006 EX SID 501 SID 006 EX SID 006 EX
Pixels| 320 x 512 640 x 1024 640 x 1024 320 x 512 640 x 1024 640 x 1024
PS | 30 15 15 30 15 15
Bin. | 1 x 1 2 x 2 2 x 2 1 x 1 2 x 2 2 x 2
Scale | 0.351 0.471 0.471 0.41 0.471 0.471
FV | 19 x 30 25 x 40 25 x 40 22 x 35 25 x 40 25 x 40
RN | 32 e 27 e 27 e 55 e 35 e 35 e
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Run Feb 91 Oct 91 Apr 92a Apr 92b Apr 92c Apr 93
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Obs. | LPO ESO ESO LPO ESO LPO
Tel. | 1.0 0.91 1.54 1.0 0.91 1.0
CCD | GEC #3 GEC #7 THX #17 GEC #3 GEC #7 EEV #7
Type | P8603-A P8603-A 31156 A P8603-A P8603-A P88300
Pixels| 385 x 578 385 x 578 1024 x 1024 385 x 578 385 x 578 1242 x 1152
PS | 22 22 19 22 22 22.5
Bin. | 1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x 1 1 x 1
Scale | 0.30 0.376 0.298 0.30 0.376 0.306
FV | 19 x 29 24 x 36 51 x 51 19 x 29 24 x 36 63 x 59
RN | 10 e 13 e 5 e 10 e 13 e 5 e
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Note on table2:
Telescopes: 2.2 correspond to the 2.2-m ESO/MPI Telescope
1.54 correspond to the 1.54-m Danish Telescope
1.0 correspond to the 1.0-m Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope
0.91 correspond to the 0.91-m Dutch Telescope
The scale is in arcsec/bin
FV = Field of view
RN = Readout noise
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- Name Galaxy name
10- 11 A2 --- RSA Galaxy classification taken form the RSA
(Sandage & Tammann, 1981)
14- 17 A4 --- RC2 Galaxy classification taken from the RC2
(de Vaucouleurs et al., 1976)
22- 25 I4 km/s GrpVel Group velocity from Davies et al. (1987) (1)
29- 34 F6.2 Mpc Dist. Assumed distance (H0 = 50 km/s/Mpc)
36- 40 F5.2 mag BT Total blue magnitude
44- 48 F5.2 mag BT_0 Total blue magnitude corrected for extinction
51- 56 F6.2 mag M(BT_0) Absolute blue magnitude
59- 63 F5.1 arcsec r_eff Effective radius (2)
67-107 A41 --- Env Environnement (3)
110-114 F5.2 --- Z(B) Zero point used in the photometric calibration
115 A1 --- n_Z(B) [ *] (4)
118-122 F5.2 --- Z(V) Zero point used in the photometric calibration
123 A1 --- n_Z(V) [ *] (4)
127-131 F5.2 -- Z(I) Zero point used in the photometric calibration
132 A1 --- n_Z(I) [ *:] (4)
134-138 F5.2 mag B B sky background magnitude
140-143 F4.2 mag e_B rms uncertainty on B
145-149 F5.2 mag V V sky background magnitude
151-154 F4.2 mag e_V rms uncertainty on V
156-160 F5.2 mag I I sky background magnitude
161 A1 --- u_I Uncertainty flag on I
162-165 F4.2 mag e_I rms uncertainty on I
168-171 F4.2 --- Bc Extinction + K correction (5)
174-177 F4.2 --- Vc Extinction + K correction (5)
181-184 F4.2 --- Ic Extinction + K correction (5)
189-192 F4.2 mag B-V Average B-V colour at r_e/2
194-197 F4.2 mag e_B-V rms uncertainty on B-V
200-203 F4.2 mag B-I Average B-I colour at r_e/2
204 A1 --- u_B-I Uncertainty flag on B-I (6)
205-208 F4.2 mag e_B-I rms uncertainty on B-I
209 A1 --- n_B-I [ *] (6)
211-215 F5.2 --- D1 Logarithmic colour gradient
(Delta(B-V)/Delta(log r))
218-221 F4.2 --- e_D1 rms uncertainty on D1 (7)
223-227 F5.2 --- D2 Logarithmic colour gradient
(Delta(B-I)/Delta(log r))
230-233 F4.2 --- e_D2 rms uncertainty on D2 (7)
234 A1 --- n_e_D2 [ *] (6)
235-238 F4.2 --- epsilon Average ellipticity
240-243 F4.2 --- e_epsilon rms uncertainty on epsilon
245-249 F5.2 --- D3 Logarithmic gradient
(Delta(epsilon)/Delta(log r)) (8)
251-254 F4.2 --- e_D3 rms uncertainty on D3
257-261 F5.1 d PA Position angle
263-265 F3.1 d e_PA rms uncertainty on position angle
270-274 F5.1 --- D4 Logarithmic gradient
(Delta(PA)/Delta(log r)) (8)
277-280 F4.2 --- e_D4 rms uncertainty on D4
286-289 F4.1 % S3 third order sine coefficient (9)
292-295 F4.1 % C3 third order cosine coefficient (9)
298-301 F4.1 % S4 fourth order sine coefficient (9)
304-307 F4.1 % C4 fourth order cosine coefficient (9)
315-316 I2 arcsec r_C4 radius at which the extremum of the C4
parameter is reached.
317-321 A5 --- n_r_C4 (10)
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Note (1): The group velocity is corrected for the motion with respect
to the centroid of the Local Group, calculated from solution
No.2 of Yahil et al. (1977)
Note (2): The effective radii are taken from Burstein et al. (1987) and
converted to major-axis effective radii using the ellipticities
measured in this paper.
Note (3): The comments on the environment have been taken mostly from the RC2.
Comments denoted HG or GH indicate membership of groups listed
by Huchra & Geller (1982) or Geller & Huchra (1983), respectively.
The number in parentheses lists the number of galaxies in that group
Note (4): Zero points with an asterisk superscript are derived using published
aperture photometry. Zero points with a semicolon (:) are uncertain
due to non-photometric weather.
Note (5): Corrections applied to the model magnitudes for the different
passbands, ie, the combination of Galactic foreground extinction
and K correction.
Note (6): The uncertainty of the sky background determination is reflected
in the error estimates of the colour gradients.
Note (7): Data with an asterisk superscript are V-I data.
Data with a semicolon (:) are uncertain due to non-photometric
weather during the I observations.
Note (8): These quantities have been derived from a fit to the V-band data
from the inner cut off radius to the radius where these quantities
become fixed.
Note (9): The Fourier terms S3, S4, C3, and C4 correspond to the sine and
cosine 3theta and 4theta terms, where theta is the position angle
with respect to the major axis of the ellipse
Note (10): * Higher-order terms derived outside the dusty region(s)
** Higher-order terms derived at r_e/2 instead of r_e
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 A6 --- Name Galaxy name (1)
8- 20 A13 --- R/T Run/Telescope (2)
22- 25 I4 s T(B) Exposure time for B observation
27- 28 I2 --- n_T(B) Number of exposures
31- 34 I4 s T(V) Exposure time for V observation
36- 37 I2 --- n_T(V) Number of exposures
38- 41 I4 s T(I) Exposure time for I observation
43 I1 --- n_T(I) Number of exposures
46- 49 F4.2 arcsec FWHM Point Spread Function (PSF) FWHM parameter
53- 57 F5.3 --- delta Ellipticity PSF parameter
59- 64 F6.2 --- psi Position angle PSF parameter
65- 69 F5.2 --- mu Inner cut off radius (ICOR) for the radial
profile of surface brightness
71- 74 F4.2 --- B-V ICOR for the radial profile of B-V
77- 80 F4.2 --- B-I ICOR for the radial profile of B-I
82 A1 --- n_(B-I) [ *] (3)
87- 90 F4.2 --- epsilon ICOR for the radial profile of ellipticity
93- 96 F4.2 --- phi ICOR for the radial profile of position angle
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Note (1): N for NGC, I for IC .
Note (2): The observation entitled DAF was kindly taken for us by D.A. Forbes
and R.C. Thomson during the night Nov. 23/24, 1990. The B observation
of NGC 4374 has been described in Hansen et al. (1985).
Telescopes: 0.91 correspond to 0.91-m Dutch Telescope at ESO
1.00 correspond to 1.0-m Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope at LPO
1.54 correspond to 1.54-m Danish Telescope at ESO
2.20 correspond to ESO/MPI 2.2-m telescope at ESO.
Note (3): * for NGC 6482, the inner cut off radius is given for the V-I colour
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: ngc*
Byte-by-byte Description of file: ic*
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 E15.7 arcsec r Effective radius
16- 30 E15.7 arcsec dr Major axis radius
31- 45 E15.7 --- eps Ellipticity
46- 60 E15.7 --- e_eps rms uncertainty on ellipticity
61- 75 E15.7 deg pos Position angle
76- 90 E15.7 deg e_pos rms uncertainty on position angle
91-105 E15.7 % c3 Cos (3 theta) coefficient
106-120 E15.7 % e_c3 rms uncertainty on c3
121-135 E15.7 % s3 Sin (3 theta) coefficient
136-150 E15.7 % e_s3 rms uncertainty on s3
151-165 E15.7 % c4 Cos (4 theta) coefficient
166-180 E15.7 % e_c4 rms uncertainty on c4
181-195 E15.7 % s4 Sin (4 theta) coefficient
196-210 E15.7 % e_s4 rms uncertainty on s4
211-225 E15.7 % c5 Cos (5 theta) coefficient
226-240 E15.7 % e_c5 rms uncertainty on c5
241-255 E15.7 % s5 Sin (5 theta) coefficient
256-270 E15.7 % e_s5 rms uncertainty on s5
271-285 E15.7 % c6 Cos (6 theta) coefficient
286-300 E15.7 % e_c6 rms uncertainty on c6
301-315 E15.7 % s6 Sin (6 theta) coefficient
316-330 E15.7 % e_s6 rms uncertainty on s6
331-345 E15.7 --- mell Magnitude integrated inside ellipse
346-360 E15.7 --- e_mell rms uncertainty on mell
361-375 E15.7 --- mcirc Magnitude integrated inside circle
376-390 E15.7 --- e_mcirc rms uncertainty on mcirc
391-405 E15.7 mag/arcsec2 mu Local surface brightness
406-420 E15.7 mag/arcsec2 e_mu rms uncertainty on mu
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(End) Patricia Bauer [CDS] 15-Nov-1993