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VII/130 SAS-2 Gamma-Ray Observations (Fichtel+ 1990)
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Catalog of SAS-2 Gamma-Ray Observations
Fichtel C.E., Hartman R.C., Hunter S.D., Kniffen D.A., Thompson D.J.,
Oegelman H.B., Oezel M.E.
<Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
(1990)>
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ADC_Keywords: Gamma rays
Mission_Name: SAS-2
Description:
This catalog contains fluxes measured with the high-energy gamma-ray
telescope flown aboard the second NASA Small Astronomy Satellite.
The objects measured included various types of galaxies, QSOs, BL
Lacertae objects, and pulsars. There are separate files for various
types of objects, plus additional files for notes and references.
The data cover about 60 percent of the sky and 89 percent of the
galactic plane for gamma rays having energies >35 MeV. The data
reported vary according to the types of objects. The galaxy file
contains object designation and type, equatorial coordinates
(B1950.0), 35-100 MeV emission limit, >100 MeV emission limit, and
luminosity limit. The pulsar file contains object designation,
period, period change (dP/dt), approximate distance, pulsed flux and
luminosity limits, and notes. There is also a file containing data
for miscellaneous other sources (SNRs, X-ray, and binary X-ray
sources, etc.), but this file is not uniformly formatted because of
its inhomogeneous data content.
The primary sources for the data are Bignami et al. (1979), Fichtel
et al. (1975, 1990), and Oegelman et al. (1976).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
galaxy.dat 60 32 Galaxy Data
pulsrdat.dat 50 113 pulsar Data
pulsrnte.dat 76 16 pulsar Notes
othsrc.dat 75 38 *Other Sources
othnotes.dat 70 15 *Other Notes
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Note on othsrc.dat:
This file contains data for miscellaneous other sources, such as
supernova remnants, X-ray and binary X-ray, and miscellaneous sources.
The data come from the papers of Fichtel et al. (1975), Thompson et al.
(1977a), and Fichtel, Thompson, and Lamb (1987). The file has not been
uniformly formatted because of the inhomogeneity of the information
given; thus, it is a simple text file with column headings.
Note on othnotes.dat:
This text file contains definitions of source types, notes, and references
associated with the other sources data file. The notes and references are
keyed by numbers given in the data file.
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Introduction:
This catalog summarizes final results for high-energy gamma-ray
observations obtained with the second Small Astronomy Satellite (SAS-2)
flown in an equatorial orbit by NASA from 1972 November through 1973
June. The data from the SAS-2 gamma-ray experiment cover about 60
percent of the sky and 89 percent of the galactic plane for gamma rays
with energies >35 MeV.
The experiment (also see Derdeyn et al. 1972) was a picture-type
high-energy (>35 MeV) gamma-ray telescope using a 32-level wire-grid,
magnetic-core spark chamber assembly covered by an anticoincidence
scintillator and triggered by any one of four independent directional
scintillator Cerenkov counter telescopes in anticoincidence with the
outer scintillator. Thin tungsten (W) plates, 0.03 of a radiation length
thick, were interleaved between the spark-chamber modules, which had an
active area of approximately 640 sq cm. The large number of W plates and
spark chambers served the dual purpose of providing material for the
gamma rays to be converted to electron pairs that could then be clearly
identified and from which their arrival directions could be determined;
plus, they provided a means of ascertaining the energies of the
electrons in a pair by measuring their Coulomb scattering. The full
width at half-maximum field of view (FOV) was 35deg., and within the FOV
the average angular uncertainty for determining the arrival direction of
an individual gamma ray projected on one plane was about 2.6 deg. at 100
MeV and varied with energy approximately as E**1/2 in the energy range
35-200 MeV. For descriptions of the instrument calibration, data
analysis procedures, and in-flight performance checks, see Fichtel et
al. (1975) and Hartman et al. (1979).
Byte-by-byte Description of file: galaxy.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- ID *Object designation
15 A1 --- Type *Object type
18- 23 F6.3 h RAh *Right ascension
26 A1 --- DE- Sign of Declination
27- 30 F4.1 deg DEd *Declination
33- 40 E8.1 keV/cm2/s EmLimit1 *? 35-100 MeV emission limit
43- 50 E8.1 photons/m2/s EmLimit2 *>100 MeV emission limit in photons/cm2/s
53- 60 E8.1 0.1uW LumLimit *? Luminosity limit in units of ergs s-1
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Note on ID:
Common name or abbreviation for the observed object.
Note on Type:
A letter code that designates the following object types:
S Seyfert galaxy
N N-type galaxy
B BL Lacertae object
Q Quasi-stellar object
E Sharp emission-line galaxy
O Other type of galaxy
Note on RAh, DEd:
Equatorial coordinates - Decimal hours and degrees for equinox B1950.0.
Note on EmLimit1, EmLimit2:
Upper limits in the 35-100 MeV and >100 MeV energy ranges, as determined
by using the diffuse gamma-ray emission level based on the analysis of
Fichtel, Simpson, and Thompson (1978). These are 95% confidence upper
limits calculated using the statistical analysis techniques of Hearn
(1969), equations (12) and (13).
Note on LumLimit:
The 95% confidence upper limit to the gamma-ray luminosity for E >100 MeV.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: pulsrdat.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 A7 --- Pulsar *Pulsar designation
10- 15 F6.4 s Period The pulsar period
18- 26 F9.3 10-15s/s Pchange *Period change in units of 10-15 s s-1
28- 32 F5.2 kpc Dist *Distance
35- 38 F4.1 10-6/cm2/s FxLimit *Pulsed flux limit in units of 10-6/cm2/s
41- 45 F5.2 photons/s LumLimit *Luminosity limit in units of photon/s
48- 50 A3 --- note *Notes and references (see pulsrnte.dat)
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Note on Pulsar:
Standard pulsar coordinate designation (PSR) in hours and minutes of
right ascension and degrees of declination.
Note on Pchange:
Derivative of the period, which is the rate of pulsar spin up or spin
down, in units of 10-5/s
Note on Dist:
The approximate distance of the object, as taken from Taylor
and Manchester (1975).
Note on FxLimit:
The 2-sigma. upper limit of the pulsed gamma-ray flux above 35 MeV in
units of 10-6/sq cm/s. For most of the pulsars, this limit was calculated
based on the highest single peak in the pulsar phase plot (see Oegelman
et al. 1976 for details).
Note on LumLimit:
Upper limit to the gamma-ray luminosity, as determined from the upper
limit to the flux and the distance estimates of Taylor and Manchester
(1975). An emission solid angle of 1 steradian was assumed; the
luminosity was calculated as:
L = F*d**2
where F is the observed flux and d is the distance. Note that these
upper limits do not truly reflect actual upper limits in the sense that
neither the distance nor the emission solid angle is accurately known
for any pulsar.
Note on note:
Numerical key(s) to the notes and references given in file pulsrnte.dat,
of the catalog.
Remarks:
The original ADC documentation by Wayne H. Warren (1990) was used to
create this ReadMe file.
The machine-readable galaxies and pulsars data files of the catalog were
initially produced at the Astronomical Data Center from published papers
supplied by Drs. Carl E. Fichtel and David L. Bertsch of the Laboratory
for High Energy Astrophysics (LHEA) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center (GSFC), following a meeting with them in April 1988 that was
arranged by Dr. J. M. Mead of GSFC. The newly created files were
supplied to Dr. Stanley D. Hunter, also of the LHEA, who updated and
added data to the existing files as well as creating the files for other
sources. Further modifications were made in consultation with the
above-mentioned authors.
This document should be used only to supplement the information
contained in the published papers. In addition to the primary source
reference, those papers include Bigman et al. (1979), Fichtel et al.
(1990), Fichtel et al. (1975), Thompson (1976), Lamb et al. (1977),
Thompson et al. (1977a, 1977b, 1983), and Fichtel, Thompson, and Lamb
(1987).
References:
Bignami, G. F., Fichtel, C. E., Hartman, R. C., and Thompson, D. J.
1979, Astrophy. J. 232, 649-658.
Derdeyn, S. M., Ehrmann, C. H., Fichtel, C. E., Kniffen, D. A., and
Ross, R. W. 1972, Nuclear Instrum. & Meth. 98, 557-566.
Fichtel, C. E., Hartman, R. C., Hunter, S. D., Kniffen, D. A., Thompson,
D. J., Oegelman, H. B., Tuemer, T., and Oezel, M. E. 1990, Catalog of
SAS-2 Gamma-Ray Observations, Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics,
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
Fichtel, C. E., Hartman, R. C., Kniffen, D. A., Thompson, D. J.,
Bignami, G. F., Oegelman, H., Oezel, M. E., and Tuemer, T. 1975,
Astrophy. J. 198, 163-182.
Fichtel, C. E., Simpson, G. A., and Thompson, D. J. 1978, Astrophy. J.
222, 833-849.
Fichtel, C. E., Thompson, D. J., and Lamb, R. C. 1987, Astrophy. J. 319,
362-366.
Hearn, D. 1969, Nuclear Instrum. & Methods 70, 200-204.
Lamb, R. C., Fichtel, C. E., Hartman, R. C., Kniffen, D. A., and
Thompson, D. J. 1977, Astrophy. J. Let. 212, L63-L66.
Oegelman, H., Fichtel, C. E., Kniffen, D. A., and Thompson, D. J. 1976,
Astrophy. J. 209, 584-591.
Taylor, J. H. and Manchester, R. N. 1975, Astron. J. 80, 794-806.
Thompson, D. J., Bertsch, D. L., Hartman, R. C., and Hunter, S. D. 1983,
Astron. & Astrophy. 127, 220-223.
Thompson, D. J., Fichtel, C. E., Hartman, R. C., Kniffen, D. A., and
Lamb, R. C. 1977a, Astrophy. J. 213, 252-262.
Thompson, D. J., Fichtel, C. E., Kniffen, D. A., and Oegelman, H. B.,
1977, Astrophy. J. Let., 200, L17-L18.
Thompson, D. J. 1976, Astrophy. J. 209, 584-591.
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(End) C.-H. Joseph Lyu & Paul Kuin [Hughes STX/NASA] 27-Jan-1997