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VII/108C Asteroids II Machine-Readable Data Base (Binzel+ 1987)
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Asteroids II
Binzel R. P., Gehrels T., Matthews M. S. (ed)
<The Univer. Arizona Press, Tucson, p. 997 (1989)>
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ADC_Keywords: Asteroids
Abstract:
This data set was assembled by E. F. Tedesco, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, in March 1988 from files provided by the contributors to
the above reference. Included are asteroid names and discovery
circumstances, proper elements and family identifications, asteroid
lightcurve parameters, asteroid pole determinations, taxonomic
classes, absolute magnitudes and slope parameters, UBV color indices,
and albedos and diameters from the IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey. The
asteroid discovery tables were updated by F. Pilcher in 1994.
Introduction:
The Asteroids 11 data base presented herein is a compilation of
asteroid data published, or in press, as of March 1988 with some
updates in early 1989 except, as mentioned, the asteroid discovery
tables. It is by no means all-inclusive. Excluded are data sets which
have remained essentially unchanged since their publication in
Asteroids (Gehrels 1979). These include the spectral reflectance and
spectral parameter data sets (Chapman and Gaffey 1979), and the
polarimetric and groundbased radiometric data sets (Morrison and
Zellner 1979). The primary changes from the book are the omission of
the asteroid proper elements by Z. Knezevic and A. Milani. A few
columns in other tables were omitted of added.
The new discovery data set was assembled by E. F. Tedesco, Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, in March 1988. The discovery file has been
updated twice and the possibility exists that some of the other files
were updated prior to publication or will be updated in the future.
For this reason, references to data obtained from these files should
reference them explicitly. For example a reference to the rotation
data base might read "Lagerkvist, C.-I., Harris, A.W., and Zappala, V.
(1987). Asteroids II machine-readable data base: acquired from the ADC
(catalog 7108C) in December 1997" in the references section.
Naturally, a datum on an individual asteroid, at least one you are
discussing in detail, should reference the original source.
Although an attempt has been made to provide the information required
to provide a minimum understanding of the data, the researcher is
urged to refer to the more detailed discussions in the
published volume.
Data Sets:
This machine-readable data base consists of the following files:
Data Set(s) Provider(s)
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Asteroid Names and Discovery Circumstances F. Pilcher
Proper Elements and Family Identifications J.G. Williams
Asteroid Lightcurve Parameters C.-I. Lagerkvist, A.W. Harris,
Asteroid Pole Determinations P. Magnusson
Asteroid Taxonomic Classifications D.J. Tholen
Asteroid Magnitudes, UBV colors, Albedos, E.F. Tedesco
and Diameters
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
discover.dat 124 6213 Names and discovery circumstances
dis_note.dat 80 315 The notes for discover.dat
discover.txt 80 64 *Additional information on discover.dat
lightcrv.dat 78 549 Lightcurve parameters
lightcrv.txt 80 49 *Additional information on lightcrv.dat
ltcv_ref.dat 80 497 References file for lightcrv.dat
proper.dat 70 1796 Proper elements and family identities
proper.txt 80 89 *Additional information on proper.dat
pole.dat 75 248 Pole determinations
pole.txt 80 67 *Additional information on pole.dat
pole_ref.dat 80 140 References for pole.dat
taxonomy.dat 46 982 Taxonomic classifications
taxonomy.txt 80 40 *Additional information on taxonomy.dat
mag.dat 63 3317 Mag, colors, albedos, and diameters
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Note on *.txt:
These files are based on the documents supplied by the authors. They have
been supplemented with additional information from the printed volume.
Information duplicated in the ReadMe was normally eliminated.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: discover.dat
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Bytes Format Unit Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- num Number of minor planet
6- 22 A17 --- name Name of minor planet
24- 32 A9 --- pre_name Preliminary name
34- 37 I4 yr year Year of discovery
39- 41 A3 yr/12 mon Month of discovery
43- 44 I2 d day Day of discovery (in month)
47- 75 A29 --- dis_name Name of discoverer
77- 97 A21 --- dis_pl Place of discovery
99-101 I3 --- note *?Reference to note
103-125 A23 --- MPC *Reference to Minor Planet Cir.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on note:
Notes referencing two or more discoverers with names of combined
length too great to fit in the discoverer column, to give a more
complete description of programs involving several persons, and to
reference cases in which two numbered planets were subsequently
discovered to be identical and the number and name of one of these
was re-assigned to a newly discovered planet. Notes have also been
used to reference conflicting discovery claims and list important
independent discoveries which are no longer regarded as official.
Note on MPC:
References the Minor Planet Circular or Circulars in which
information concerning the discovery circumstances and/or name
assignment, and occasional error corrections, was first published.
The author first listed these references only on 1988 Feb 2 with
the publication of MPC 12781. Previously this table had been
maintained without references to the original literature. Adding
references from earlier publications remains a task for the future
(if ever). Would anyone else like to contribute to this important
assignment?
Byte-by-byte Description of file: dis_note.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- ID *?Note number
5- 80 A76 --- note Note
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Note on ID:
If bytes 1-3 are blank, the note is a continuation of the preceding line.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: proper.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- ID Asteroid number
6- 11 F6.3 AU a Semimajor axis of orbit
12- 16 F5.3 --- e ?Eccentricity
17- 21 F5.3 --- sin_i ?Sine of inclination
22- 27 F6.1 deg wbar ?Proper longit. of perihelion (1950.0)
28- 33 F6.1 deg anode ?Proper long., ascending node (1950.0)
34- 39 F6.1 arcsec/a dwbar ?Rate of longitude of perihelion
40- 46 F7.1 arcsec/a dnode ?Rate of longitude of node
48- 50 A3 --- res *Note indicating resonance or sp. case
51- 56 F6.3 AU dMars *?Closest colinear distance to Mars
57- 62 F6.3 AU dJup ?Closest colinear distance to Jupiter
64 A1 --- u_ID *Quality code for Palomar-Leiden astr.
66- 68 A3 --- family Family identity if appropriate
69- 70 A2 --- r_ID Reference number
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Note on res and dMars:
See proper.txt. This is particularly important if this field is
not blank.
Note on u_ID:
Quality code reserved for Palomar-Leiden asteroids. Values 1, 2,
3, 4, X, 0 are in decreasing order of accuracy. see
Palomar-Leiden survey for details. A blank, not a zero, is used for
numbered asteroids.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: lightcrv.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- ID ?Asteroid number
6- 19 A14 --- name Asteroid name
20 A1 --- n_per [>] Limit sign for period
21- 28 F8.3 h per *?Period
30 A1 --- n_mag_1 [><]Limit sign for mag_1
31- 34 F4.2 mag mag_1 ?First mag., amplitude or variation
35 A1 --- lim [-><]Separator or limit sign
36- 39 F4.2 mag mag_2 ?Second mag., amplitude or variation
40 A1 --- n_mag_2 [? ] Uncertainty note on mag_2
42 A1 --- n_mag *Reliability code
43- 44 A2 --- rem *Remarks code
48- 78 A31 --- r_ID *Reference codes
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Note on per:
The period for 288 Glauke is 1150. and is in the bytes 28-32.
Note on n_mag:
The Reliability Codes are as follows:
1 = Very tentative result, may be completely wrong.
2 = Reasonably secure result, based on over half coverage of the
lightcurve.
3 = Secure result, full lightcurve coverage, no ambiguity of period.
4 = Multiple apparition coverage, pole position reported.
Note on rem:
The Remarks Codes are as follows:
3 = Number of extrema per rotation cycle (e.g., 1, 3). Unless otherwise
noted, two per cycle is assumed.
A = Ambiguous period. The "most likely" period is listed, with other
possibilities listed in a footnote ordered by asteroid number, below.
D = Rotation period "determined" from published data, but not given by
author(s) of original data.
F = Footnote, below, ordered by asteroid number, containing additional
information.
N = No lightcurve published.
P = Photographic photometry.
V = Visual photometry.
Note on r_ID:
All references to the asteroid are cited by number in the reference
file, in chronological order. The last few citations are the most
recent, and should be the most useful for evaluating the current
state of knowledge of a given asteroid.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: ltcv_ref.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- ID *?Reference number
6- 80 A75 --- ref Reference
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Note on ID:
If ID is blank, the record is a continuation of the preceding record.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: pole.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- ID Asteroid number
6- 9 A4 --- n_ID *Source of basic data
11 A1 --- par1 [( ] Possible parenthesis
12- 14 I3 deg RA_pole *?Right ascension of pole
15 A1 --- u_pole [* ] indicates discordant positions
16 A1 --- DE-_pole Declination of pole - sign
17- 18 I2 deg DE_pole *?Declination of pole
19 A1 --- n_pole [* ] Possible parenthesis or discord
20 A1 --- spin_dir *[-NMS] Spin direction
21 A1 --- par2 [) ] Possible parenthesis
23 A1 --- par3 [( ] Possible parenthesis
24- 26 I3 deg RA2_pole *? Right ascension of pole
28 A1 --- DE2-_pole Declination of pole - sign
29- 30 I2 deg DE2_pole *? Declination of pole
32 A1 --- spin_dir2 *[-?NS] Spin direction
33 A1 --- par4 [) ] Possible parenthesis
35 A1 --- n_pole2 *[A-C ] Note on pole position
37 A1 --- rot *Sense of rotation
42- 51 F10.8 d per ?Period of rotation
52 A1 --- n_per Mean of discordant periods = *
53 A1 --- u_per [* ] indicates discordant periods
54 A1 --- par7 [(< ] Possible parenthesis or limit
55- 58 F4.2 --- a/b ?Model axial ratio
59 A1 --- par8 [) ] Possible parenthesis
60 A1 --- par5 [( ] Possible parenthesis
61- 64 F4.2 --- b/c ?Model axial ratio
65 A1 --- par6 [) ] Possible parenthesis
67 A1 --- n_shape *[*?E-J ] Note on shape
68- 74 A7 --- r_ID Reference codes
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Note on n_ID:
A = Amplitudes of lightcurves;
D = Individual data-points of photometric lightcurves;
E = Epochs (e.g., times of lightcurve extreme);
F = Fourier coefficients of photometric lightcurves;
I = Infrared pre- and post-opposition differences;
M = Magnitudes (usually at maximum light);
O = 0ccultation observations;
P = Infrared polarimetry;
R = Radar observations;
S = Speckle interferometry;
V = Visual position angles;
Z = Zero and nonzero amplitude apparitions implying pole-on view in
former case.
Note on RA_pole, DE_pole, RA2_pole, DE2_pole:
Pole Coordinates are given in the ecliptical reference frame of
equinox 1950.
Note on spin_dir and spin_dir2:
The sense of rotation is termed indeterminate (1) when the spin
direction is known, but the accuracy of the pole coordinates is
insufficient to give an unambiguous sense of rotation, or the pole is
so close to the ecliptic and/or orbital plane that forced precession
will cause the sense of rotation to alternate with time.
Note on n_pole2:
A = concentric ring region
B = aspect circle
C = at least one pole position rejected
Note on rot:
- = Sense of rotation not determined;
P = Prograde rotation;
R = Retrograde rotation;
I = Indeterminate case.
M = Moving
Note on n_shape:
* = Mean value of two significantly different solutions (or discordant
shape?)
? = One or both shapes questionable
E = flat region
F = see ref.
G = "kettle"
H = rnd. cyl.
J = complex
Byte-by-byte Description of file: pole_ref.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 A6 --- ID *Reference identification
9- 80 A72 --- ref Reference
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Note on ID:
If ID is blank, the record is a continuation of the preceding record.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: taxonomy.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- ID ?Asteroid number
6- 18 A13 --- name Asteroid name
20- 23 A4 --- Th_cl *Tholen class
24- 25 A2 --- n_Th_cl Uncertainty note on Th_cl
27- 28 A2 --- Bar_cl Barucci class
30- 32 A3 --- group *Asteroid group
34 I1 --- n_ID *? Note on asteroid
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Note on Th_cl:
The following notation appears in the classifications:
U suffix indicating an unusual spectrum; falls far from cluster center
: suffix indicating noisy data
:: suffix indicating very noisy data
--- indicates data that are too noisy to permit classification
(essentially all types would be allowed)
Note on group:
Due to popular demand, orbital group designations have been included in this
table. The 2- or 3-letter abbreviations stand for the following groups:
ATE Aten
APO Apollo
AMO Amor
MC Mars crosser
HUN Hungaria
PHO Phocaea
GRI Griqua
CYB Cybele
HIL Hilda
TRO Trojan
Note on n_ID:
1: 13 Egeria. Tholen (1984) listed classification as CG. C eliminated on the
basis of 24-color data.
2: 192 Nausikaa. Tholen (1984) listed classification as RS. R eliminated
on the basis of 24-color data.
3: 344 Desiderata. Tholen (1984) listed classification as CSU. SU eliminated
on the basis of 24-color data.
4: 515 Athalia. Tholen (1984) listed classification as U. Changed to I as
explained in the introduction to the printed article.
on the basis of 24-color data.
5: 3200 Phaethon. From Tholen (1985)
6: 3551 1983 RD, 3352 1983 SA, and 1984 BC. Unpublished data of Tholen
cited in Hartmann et al. (1987).
7: 3908 1980 PA and 4055 1985 DO2. From Tholen et al. (1988)
8: 1975 U2. Not a proper provisional designation. Data taken from TRIAD
UBV table as published by Bowell et al. (1979). In turn, they took the
data from unpublished observations by Tedesco. It is not known what this
object really is.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: mag.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- ID *Minor planet number
6- 10 F5.2 mag Mag *Mean visual absolute magnitude
11- 16 F6.3 mag slope *Slope parameter
18 I1 --- q_slope *Quality of slope (3 highest)
20- 23 F4.2 mag U-B *?U-B color
25 I1 --- q_U-B *?Quality of U-B
27- 30 F4.2 mag B-V *?B-V color
32 I1 --- q_B-V *?Quality of B-V
34 I1 --- r_B-V *?Source of colors
37- 41 F5.3 --- albedo *?Visual geometric albedo
43- 47 F5.3 --- e_albedo *?Standard deviation of albedo
49- 54 F6.2 km diam *?Diameter
56- 60 F5.2 km e_diam *?Standard deviation of diameter
62- 63 I2 --- sight *?Number of sightings
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Note on ID:
Asteroids numbered through 3318 are included. There is one record for
each asteroid.
Note on Mag:
The visual absolute magnitude from the IRAS ground-based input data set.
These differ from the blue absolute magnitudes (HB) given in final data
product No. 4. In many cases they also differ from those published in
the 1988 Russian ephemeris.
Note on slope:
The slope parameter from the IRAS ground-based input data set. In many
cases these differ from those published in the 1988 Russian ephemeris.
Note on q_slope:
The quality code for the absolute magnitude and slope parameter. 3 is
best and 1 worst.
Note on U-B, q_U-B, B-V, and q_B-V:
The U-B color index from IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey final data
product 13.
The quality codes for the UBV colors were obtained as follows:
Quality Code For sigma
0 > 0.05 magnitude
1 <= 0.05 but > 0.03 magnitude
2 <= 0.03 but > 0.02 magnitude, and
3 <= 0.02 magnitude
4 <= 0.02 magnitude and good agreement between
results from references 1 and 2.
Note on r_B-V:
The reference for the UBV color(s):
1 = Bowell et al. (1979) In Asteroids (T. Gehrels, ed.), pp. 1108-1129.
("TRIAD")
2 = Zellner et al. (1985) Icarus 61, 355-416. ("ECAS")
3 = Weighted mean of values from references 1 and 2.
Note on albedo:
Visual geometric albedo from IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey final data
product No. 4
Note on e_albedo:
One sigma formal uncertainty in the visual geometric albedo from
IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey final data product No. 4
Note on diam and e_diam:
Diameter (in km) and one sigma uncertainty from IRAS Asteroid and Comet
Survey final data product No. 4
Note on sight:
Number of IRAS observations used in computing the albedo and diameter
(from IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey final data product No. 4)
References:
Arnold, J. R. 1969. Asteroid families and jet streams. Astron. J.
74:1235-1242.
Barucci, M. A., Capria, M. T., Coradini, A., and Fulchignoni, M. 1987.
Classification of asteroids using G-mode analysis. Icarus
72:304-324.
Bien, R., and Schubart, J. 1987. Three characteristic orbital
parameters for the Trojan group of asteroids. Astron. Astrophys.
175:292-298.
Bowell, E., Gehrels, T., and Zellner, B. 1979. Magnitudes, colors,
types, and adopted diameters of the asteroids. In Asteroids, ed. T.
Gehrels (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press), pp. 11081129.
Brouwer, D. 1951. Secular variations of the orbital elements of minor
planets. Astron. J. 56:932.
Brouwer, D., and van Woerkom, A. J. J. 1950. The secular variations of
the orbital elements of the principal planets. Astron. Papers Amer.
Ephemeris 13, part 2:85- 107.
Chapman, C. R., and Gaffey, M. J. 1979. Reflectance spectra for 277
asteroids. In Asteroids, ed. T. Gehrels (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona
Press), pp. 655-687.
Froeschle, C., and Scholl, H. 1987. Orbital evolution of asteroids
near the secular resonance v6. Astron. Astrophys. 179:294-303.
Gehrels, T., and Tedesco, E. 1979. Minor planets and related objects.
XXVIII. Asteroid magnitudes and phase relations. Astron. J.
84:10791087.
Gehrels, T., ed. 1979. Asteroids (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press).
Gradie, J. C. and Tedesco, E. F. 1989. Radiometric albedos and
diameters for 350 asteroids. Astron. J. (to be submitted).
Hartmann, W. K., Tholen, D. J., and Cruikshank, D. P. 1987. The
relationship of active comets, "extinct" comets, and dark
asteroids. Icarus 69:33-50.
Hirayama, K. 1918a. Groups of asteroids probably of common origin.
Proc. Phys.-Math. Soc. Japan 11 9:354-361.
Hirayama, K. 1918b. Groups of asteroids probably of common origin.
Astron. J. 31:185-188.
Hirayama, K. 1919. Further notes on the families of asteroids. Proc.
Phys.-Math. Soc. Japan 111 1 :52-59.
Hirayama, K. 1923. Families of asteroids. Japan J. Astron. Geophys.
1:55-93.
Hirayama, K. 1928. Families of asteroids. Second paper. Japan J.
Astron. Geophys. 5:137-162.
Hirayama, K. 1933. Present state of the families of asteroids. Proc.
Imp. Acad. Japan 9:482485.
Infrared Astronomical Satellite Asteroid and Comet Survey: Preprint
Version No. 1. 1986. Ed. D. L. Matson, JPL internal Document No.
D3698.
IRAS Asteroid and Comet Survey: Preprint Version No. 1. 1986. Ed. D.
L. Matson, JPL Internal Document No. D-3698.
Lindblad, B. A., and Southworth, R. B. 1971. A study of asteroid
families and streams by computer techniques. In Physical Studies of
Minor Planets, ed. T. Gehrels, NASA SP-267, pp. 337-352.
McFadden, L. A., Gaffey, M. J., and McCord, T. B. 1984.
Mineralogical-petrological characterization of near-Earth
asteroids. Icarus 59:2540.
Morrison, D., and Zellner, B. 1979. Polarimetry and radiometry of the
asteroids. In Asteroids, ed. T. Gehrels (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona
Press), pp. 1090-1097.
Schubart, J. 1982. Three characteristics parameters of orbits of
Hilda-type asteroids. Astron. Astrophys. 114:200-204.
Tedesco, E. F. 1986. Ground-based data for asteroids. In Infrared
Astronomical Satellite Asteroid and Comet Survey: Preprint Version
No. 1. 1986, ed. D. L. Matson, JPL Document No. 3698.
Tedesco, E. F., Williams, J. G., Matson, D. L., Veeder, G. J., Gradie,
J. C., and Lebofsky, L. A. 1989. A three-parameter asteroid
taxonomy. Astron. J. 97:580-606.
Tholen, D. J. 1984. Asteroid Taxonomy from Cluster Analysis of
Photometry. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. of Arizona.
Tholen, D. J. 1985. (3200) 1983 T 13. IAU Circular No. 4034.
Tholen, D. J., Hartmann, W. K., and Cruikshank, D. P. 1988. 1980 PA
and 1985 DO2. IAU Circ. No. 4655.
Williams J. G. 1969. Secular Perturbations in the Solar System. Ph.D.
Thesis, Univ. of California at Los Angeles.
Williams, J. G. 1979. Proper elements and family memberships of the
asteroids. In Asteroids, ed. T. Gehrels (Tucson: Univ. of Arizona
Press), pp. 1040-1063.
Williams J. G., and Hierath, J. 1987. Palomar-Leiden minor planets:
Proper elements, frequency distributions, belt boundaries, and
family memberships. Icarus 72:276-303.
Zellner, B., Tholen, D. J., and Tedesco, E. F. 1985. The eight-color
asteroid survey: Results for 589 minor planets. Icarus 61 :355-416.
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(End) N.G. Roman [ADC/SSDOO] Oct-3-1997