ADC/CDS Standard Document for Catalog:/catalogs/7/7006/
ADC/CDS Standard Document for Catalog:| 1. Use the ADC Data Viewer Suite to visualize the data. |
|
| 2. Get the data files via anonymous FTP. (See Note.) |
|
VII/6 Polarization Meas Extragalactic Radio Sources (Eichendorf+ 1979,1981)
================================================================================
Catalogue of Polarization Measurements and Related Data of Extragalactic Radio
Sources
Eichendorf W., Reinhardt M.
<Astrophysics and Space Science, 61, 153-167 (1979)>
=1979Ap&SS..61..153E
Eichendorf W. and Reinhardt M.
<Acta Cosmologica, Zesz., 9, 7-48 (1981)>
=1981AcC.....9....7E
================================================================================
ADC_Keywords: Polarization; Galaxies, radio; Redshifts; Galaxy catalogs
Description:
The catalog contains 510 extragalactic radio sources, and covers all
polarization measurements from 1965 to the middle of 1974 and a few
other radio and optical data for these sources. The typical
observation error was in the range of 1-2 percent in 1965 and 0.5-1
percent in 1974. The selection criterion for sources was that
polarization data should be available at least at three wavelengths
for each source. This reduced the sample to 510 sources. The
catalog includes observational data: classifications, Cambridge
numbers, coordinates, degrees of polarization at various
wavelengths, polarization angles at each wavelength, largest angular
diameters, position angles, and redshifts. The catalog also includes
derived data: rotation measures, linear source diameters,
polarization angles at wavelength 0 cm, differences between position
angle and polarization angle at 0 cm, spectral indices between each
pair of successive wavelengths observed, and polarization indices
between each pair of successive wavelengths observed.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
data.dat 157 510 observed data 510 extragalactic radio sources
drivquan.dat 141 327 Derived values
datazcor.dat 145 183 Redshift-corrected data
drivzcor.dat 146 183 Redshift-corrected derived values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The observed data:
File data.dat lists information on 510 objects, one object per record.
This information is largely observational. In most cases observational
data were not available at all wavelengths. In all files, whenever
this is the case, the field will be blank. The first fields
(bytes 1-16) are identical in all four files.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: data.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh *? Right ascension in hours (B1950)
3- 4 I2 min RAm *RA in minutes
5 A1 --- DE- Sign of Declination
6- 7 I2 deg DEd *Declination in degrees (B1950)
8- 14 F7.1 --- RC3REV *?Cambridge number
16 A1 --- Class *[GQU] Classification
17- 23 F7.3 --- z ?Redshift
24- 27 I4 arcsec AngDiam ?Largest angular diameter
28- 31 I4 deg PA *?Position angle in degrees
32- 36 F5.1 Jy S(2cm) ?Flux dens. at 2 cm
37- 41 F5.1 Jy S(3.7cm) ?Flux dens. at 3.7 cm
42- 46 F5.1 Jy S(6cm) ?Flux dens. at 6 cm
47- 51 F5.1 Jy S(11cm) ?Flux dens. at 11 cm
52- 56 F5.1 Jy S(18cm) ?Flux dens. at 18 cm
57- 61 F5.1 Jy S(21cm) ?Flux dens. at 21 cm
62- 66 F5.1 Jy S(31cm) ?Flux dens. at 31 cm
67- 71 F5.1 Jy S(49cm) ?Flux dens. at 49 cm
72- 76 F5.1 Jy S(73cm) ?Flux dens. at 73 cm
77- 81 F5.1 % LP(2cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 2 cm in percent
82- 86 F5.1 % LP(3.7cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 3.7 cm in perc
87- 91 F5.1 % LP(6cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 6 cm in percent
92- 96 F5.1 % LP(11cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 11 cm in perc
97-101 F5.1 % LP(18cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 18 cm in perc
102-106 F5.1 % LP(21cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 21 cm in perc
107-111 F5.1 % LP(31cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 31 cm in perc
112-116 F5.1 % LP(49cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 49 cm in perc
117-121 F5.1 % LP(73cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 73 cm in perc
122-125 I4 deg PolA(2cm) ?Pol. angle at 2 cm
126-129 I4 deg PolA(3.7cm) ?Pol. angle at 3.7 cm
130-133 I4 deg PolA(6cm) ?Pol. angle at 6 cm
134-137 I4 deg PolA(11cm) ?Pol. angle at 11 cm
138-141 I4 deg PolA(18cm) ?Pol. angle at 18 cm
142-145 I4 deg PolA(21cm) ?Pol. angle at 21 cm
146-149 I4 deg PolA(31cm) ?Pol. angle at 31 cm
150-153 I4 deg PolA(49cm) ?Pol. angle at 49 cm
154-157 I4 deg PolA(73cm) ?Pol. angle at 73 cm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on RAh, RAm, DEd:
Equatorial coordinates (1950.0)
Note on RC3REV:
Cambridge number. From the Revised 3C Catalog of Radio Sources
(Bennett 1962).
Note on Class:
One of three, single-letter classification codes:
G = Radio Galaxy
Q = Quasar
U = Unidentified
Note on PA:
Position angle of the major axis of the object, measured eastward from
North in degrees.
The Derived Values:
This file (drivquan.dat) contains values derived for those objects of
the first file with sufficient data to allow one or more of these
quantities to be calculated.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: drivquan.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh ?Right ascension in hours (B1950)
3- 4 I2 min RAm RA in minutes
5 A1 --- DE- Sign of Declination
6- 7 I2 deg DEd Declination in degrees (B1950)
8- 14 F7.1 --- RC3REV ?Cambridge number
16 A1 --- Class [GQU] Classification
17- 23 F7.1 rad/m2 RM ?Rotation measure in radians per square meter
24- 27 I4 deg PolA *Pol. angle at 0 cm
28- 31 I4 deg PA-PolA *[-180/180]?Pos. angle - pol. angle
32- 37 F6.2 --- SI *? Mean spectral index
38- 43 F6.2 --- PI *? Mean pol. index
45- 50 F6.2 --- SI(2) *?Spec. index, 2-3.7 cm
51- 56 F6.2 --- SI(3.7) *?Spec. index, 3.7-6 cm
57- 62 F6.2 --- SI(6) *?Spec. index, 6 -11 cm
63- 68 F6.2 --- SI(11) *?Spec. index, 11-18 cm
69- 74 F6.2 --- SI(18) *?Spec. index, 18-21 cm
75- 80 F6.2 --- SI(21) *?Spec. index, 21-31 cm
81- 86 F6.2 --- SI(31) *?Spec. index, 31-49 cm
87- 92 F6.2 --- SI(49) *?Spec. index, 49-73 cm
94- 99 F6.2 --- PI(2) *?Pol. index, 2-3.7 cm
100-105 F6.2 --- PI(3.7) *?Pol. index, 3.7-6 cm
106-111 F6.2 --- PI(6) *?Pol. index, 6 -11 cm
112-117 F6.2 --- PI(11) *?Pol. index, 11-18 cm
118-123 F6.2 --- PI(18) *?Pol. index, 18-21 cm
124-129 F6.2 --- PI(21) *?Pol. index, 21-31 cm
130-135 F6.2 --- PI(31) *?Pol. index, 31-49 cm
136-141 F6.2 --- PI(49) *?Pol. index, 49-73 cm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on PolA:
Linear extrapolation of the angle of polarization at wavelength = 0 cm,
in degrees.
Note on PA-PolA:
Difference between the position angle of the source and the polarization
angle at lambda = 0 cm in degrees.
Note on SI:
The mean spectral index coefficient, found by regression, of the
individual spectral indices.
Note: All of these values were recalculated by the authors of the
catalog even when accepted values already existed, because of the
greater amount of data available to them. See Eichendorf and Reinhardt
(1979) and Eichendorf and Reinhardt (1980) for discussions of how the
recalculated mean spectral indices compare to the existing data.
Note on PI:
Analogous to the mean spectral index for flux densities, this is the
coefficient found by regression from the individual polarization
indices.
Note on SI*:
The spectral index SI(*) defined by a power law in the flux density
function S, where S = frequency . power(SI(*)). Usually SI(*) is
notated with the greek letter alpha. The spectral index is determined
only between the available wavelengths.
Note on PI*:
The polarization index PI(*) is defined as a power law analogous to
the spectral index for the flux density measurements. The degree of
polarization,
P = frequency. power(PI(*)).
As in the case of the spectral index, PI(*) is defined only between
certain wavelengths. This quantity was introduced and defined
by the authors and included in the catalog. See both references
for details of the derivation, justification, and implications of
this parameter.
The Redshift-Corrected Data (datazcor.dat, File 3 of 4):
For sources with a known redshift, the catalog authors corrected and
rederived all wavelength-dependent values from the observed to the
emitted wavelength. See Eichendorf and Reinhardt (1980) for a brief
description of the process involved in correcting, interpolating, and
rederiving values in the same wavelength standard.
This file lists essentially the same data as the first file, except that
any wavelength-dependent values have been redshift-corrected to the
emitted wavelength. A computer program was then used to linearly
interpolate the results back to the standard wavelengths. There are only
178 records, one object per record, in this file.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: datazcor.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh ?Right ascension in hours (B1950)
3- 4 I2 min RAm RA in minutes
5 A1 --- DE- Sign of Declination
6- 7 I2 deg DEd Declination in degrees (B1950)
8- 14 F7.1 --- RC3REV ?Cambridge number
16 A1 --- Class [GQU] Classification
18- 22 F5.1 % LP(2cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 2 cm in percent
23- 27 F5.1 % LP(3.7cm) ?Deg. of lin. polarization 3.7 cm in percent
28- 32 F5.1 % LP(6cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 6 cm in percent
33- 37 F5.1 % LP(11cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 11 cm in percent
38- 42 F5.1 % LP(18cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 18 cm in percent
43- 47 F5.1 % LP(21cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 21 cm in percent
48- 52 F5.1 % LP(31cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 31 cm in percent
53- 57 F5.1 % LP(49cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 49 cm in percent
58- 62 F5.1 % LP(73cm) ?Deg. of linear polarization 73 cm in percent
64- 67 I4 deg PolA(2cm) ?Pol. angle at 2 cm
68- 71 I4 deg PolA(3.7cm) ?Pol. angle at 3.7 cm
72- 75 I4 deg PolA(6cm) ?Pol. angle at 6 cm
76- 79 I4 deg PolA(11cm) ?Pol. angle at 11 cm
80- 83 I4 deg PolA(18cm) ?Pol. angle at 18 cm
84- 87 I4 deg PolA(21cm) ?Pol. angle at 21 cm
88- 91 I4 deg PolA(31cm) ?Pol. angle at 31 cm
92- 95 I4 deg PolA(49cm) ?Pol. angle at 49 cm
96- 99 I4 deg PolA(73cm) ?Pol. angle at 73 cm
101-105 F5.1 Jy S(2cm) ?Flux dens. at 2 cm
106-110 F5.1 Jy S(3.7cm) ?Flux dens. at 3.7 cm
111-115 F5.1 Jy S(6cm) ?Flux dens. at 6 cm
116-120 F5.1 Jy S(11cm) ?Flux dens. at 11 cm
121-125 F5.1 Jy S(18cm) ?Flux dens. at 18 cm
126-130 F5.1 Jy S(21cm) ?Flux dens. at 21 cm
131-135 F5.1 Jy S(31cm) ?Flux dens. at 31 cm
136-140 F5.1 Jy S(49cm) ?Flux dens. at 49 cm
141-145 F5.1 Jy S(73cm) ?Flux dens. at 73 cm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Redshift-Corrected Derived Values (drivzcor.dat, File 4 of 4):
This file is analogous to File 2 of derived values for the
redshift-corrected data of File 3. In addition, knowing the redshift and
angular diameter, the additional parameter of linear source diameter was
calculated. The model used was an open Friedmann universe with vanishing
density, assuming the Hubble constant H=55 km/sec/Mpc
See Eichendorf and Reinhardt (1980) for details of this calculation and
a discussion of how redshift correction was applied and the results
interpolated to determine both the spectral and polarization indices in
the standard wavelengths chosen.
Byte-by-byte Description of file: drivzcor.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh ?Right ascension in hours (B1950)
3- 4 I2 min RAm RA in minutes
5 A1 --- DE- Sign of Declination
6- 7 I2 deg DEd Declination in degrees (B1950)
8- 14 F7.1 --- RC3REV ?Cambridge number
16 A1 --- Class [GQU] Classification
17- 22 F6.2 Mpc Diam *? Lin. source diam.
23- 28 F6.1 rad/m2 RM *?Rotation measure in radians per square meter
29- 32 I4 deg PolA ?Pol. angle at 0 cm
33- 36 I4 deg PA-PolA [-180/180]?Pos. angle - pol. angle
37- 42 F6.2 --- SI ? Mean spectral index
43- 48 F6.2 --- PI ? Mean pol. index
50- 55 F6.2 --- SI(2) ?Spec. index, 2-3.7 cm
56- 61 F6.2 --- SI(3.7) ?Spec. index, 3.7-6 cm
62- 67 F6.2 --- SI(6) ?Spec. index, 6 -11 cm
68- 73 F6.2 --- SI(11) ?Spec. index, 11-18 cm
74- 79 F6.2 --- SI(18) ?Spec. index, 18-21 cm
80- 85 F6.2 --- SI(21) ?Spec. index, 21-31 cm
86- 91 F6.2 --- SI(31) ?Spec. index, 31-49 cm
92- 97 F6.2 --- SI(49) ?Spec. index, 49-73 cm
99-104 F6.2 --- PI(2) ?Pol. index, 2-3.7 cm
105-110 F6.2 --- PI(3.7) ?Pol. index, 3.7-6 cm
111-116 F6.2 --- PI(6) ?Pol. index, 6 -11 cm
117-122 F6.2 --- PI(11) ?Pol. index, 11-18 cm
123-128 F6.2 --- PI(18) ?Pol. index, 18-21 cm
129-134 F6.2 --- PI(21) ?Pol. index, 21-31 cm
135-140 F6.2 --- PI(31) ?Pol. index, 31-49 cm
141-146 F6.2 --- PI(49) ?Pol. index, 49-73 cm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on Diam:
Line source diameter. In Mpc. See Eichendorf and Reinhardt (1980) for
details of how this was derived.
Note on RM:
Rotation measure. Derived from the redshift-corrected values, in
radians per square meter.
Remarks and Modifications:
The Catalog of Polarization Measurements and Related Data of
Extragalactic Radio Sources was sent to the Astronomical Data Center
(ADC), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, by the Centre de Donnees
Astronomiques, Strasbourg (CDS), in July 1980.
The original tape contained four text files formatted in the same manner
as in the published catalog. The catalog was so well formatted that
essentially no editing was required.
Acknowledgements:
The original ADC documentation by Theresa A. Nagy (1979) was used to
generate this ReadMe file.
References:
Eichendorf, W. and Reinhardt, M. 1979, Astrophysics and
Space Science, 61, 153-167.
Eichendorf, W. and Reinhardt, M. 1981, Acta Cosmologica, Zesz. 9, 7-48.
Allen, R. J., Barrett, A. M. 1967, Astron. J., 72, 288.
Aller, H. D. 1970, Nature, 225, 440.
Aller, H. D. 1970, Astrophys. J., 161, 1.
Aller, H. D. 1970, Astrophys. J., 161, 19.
Aller, H. D., Haddock, F. T. 1967, Astron. J., 72, 288.
Aller, H. D., Haddock, F. T. 1967, Astrophys. J., 147, 833.
Aller, H. D., Haddock, F. T. 1968, Astron. J., 73, 86.
Aller, H. D., Olsen, E. T. 1971, Bull. Am. Astr. Soc., 3, 383.
Aller, H. D., Olsen, E. T. 1971, Astron. J., 76, 671.
Artyukh, W. S., et al. 1968, Astron Zh., 45, 712.
Baldwin, J. E., et al. 1970, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 150, 253.
Barat, J., et al. 1960, CR, 251, 2476.
Barrett, A. M. 1961, Astrophys. J., 134, 95.
Berge, G. L., Seielstad, G. A. 1969, Astrophys. J., 157, 35.
Bignell, R. C. 1973, Astron. J., 78, 557.
Bignell, R. C. 1973, Astron. J., 78, 1058.
Biraud, F. 1969, Astron. Astrophys., 1, 156.
Biraud, F. 1972, Astron. Astrophys., 19, 310.
Boland, J. W., et al. 1965, Astron. J., 69, 533.
Boland, J. W., et al. 1966, Astrophys. J., 144, 437.
Bologna, J. M., et al. 1965, Astrophys. J., 142, 106.
Bologna, J. M., et al. 1969, Astrophys. J., 156, 815.
Branson, N. J. B. A. 1967, Nature, 213, 1211.
Conway, R. G., Gilbert, J. A. 1970, Nature, 226, 332.
Conway, R. G., Kronberg, P. P. 1969, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 142, 11.
Conway, R. G., Stannard, D. 1972, Nature, 239, 22.
Conway, R. G., et al. 1972, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 157, 443.
Conway, R. G., et al. 1974, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 168, 137.
Cooper, B. F. C., et al. 1965, Austral. J. Phys., 18, 589.
Davies, R. D., Gardner, F. F. 1970, Austral. J. Phys., 23, 59.
Downs, G. S. 1970, Thesis, Stanford University.
Downs, G. S., Thompson, A. R. 1972, Astron. J., 77, 120.
Fomalont, E. B. 1970, Astrophys. J., 160, L73.
Fomalont, E. B., Wright, M. C. H. 1972, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 3, 446.
Gardner, F. F., Davies, R. D. 1966, Austral. J. Phys., 19, 441.
Gardner, F. F., et al. 1969, Austral. J. Phys., 22, 79.
Gardner, F. F., Whiteoak, J. B. 1969, Austral. J. Phys., 22, 107.
Gardner, F. F., et al. 1969, Austral. J. Phys., 22, 821.
Gardner, F. F., Whiteoak, J. B. 1971, Austral. J. Phys., 24, 899.
Gauss, F. S., Goldstein, S. J. 1973, Astrophys. J., 179, 439.
Gilbert, J. A., Conway, R. G. 1970, Nature, 227, 585.
Golnev, W. J., Soboleva, N. S. 1965, Astron. Zh., 42, 694.
Haves, P., et al. 1974, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 169, 117.
Hobbs, R. W. 1968, Astrophys. J., 153, 1001.
Hobbs, R. W., Haddock, F. T. 1967, Astrophys. J., 147, 908.
Hobbs, R. W., Haddock, F. T. 1967, Astrophys. J., 149, 707.
Hobbs, R. W., Hollinger, J. P. 1968, Astrophys. J., 154, 423.
Hobbs, R. W., et al. 1968, Astrophys. J., 154, L49.
Hobbs, R. W., et al. 1972, Astron. J., 77, 342.
Hoegbom, J. A., Carlsson, I. 1974, Astron. Astrophys., 34, 341.
Hollinger, J. P., et al. 1965, Astrophys. J., 140, 656.
Hollinger, J. P., et al. 1968, Astrophys. J., 151, 771.
Kronberg, P. P., Conway, R. G. 1970, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 147, 149.
Kronberg, P. P. 1972, Astrophys. J., 176, 47.
Kronberg, P. P. 1972, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 156, 275.
Kronberg, P. P., Crelinsten, J. M. 1973, Astrophys. Letters, 14, 25.
Kundu, M. R., Velusamy, F. 1971, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 3, 21.
Maltby, P. 1965, Astrophys. J., 142, 621.
Maltby, P., Seielstad, G. A. 1966, Astrophys. J., 144, 216.
Mayer, C. H., et al. 1965, Astrophys. J., 139, 248.
Mayer, C. H., Hollinger, J. P. 1967, Astron. J., 72, 815.
Mayer, C. H., Hollinger, J. P. 1968, Astron. J., 151, 53.
McCullough, T. P., Waak, J. A. 1969, Astrophys. J., 158, 849.
Metzger, P.G., Schraml, J. 1966, Astron. J., 71, 864.
Miley, G. K., van der Laan, H. 1973, Astron. Astrophys., 28, 359.
Mitton, S. 1971, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 153, 133.
Mitton, S. 1972, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 155, 373.
Morris, D., et al. 1965, Astrophys. J., 139, 551.
Morris, D., et al. 1965, Astrophys. J., 139, 560.
Morris, D., et al. 1965, Astrophys. J., 139, 758.
Morris, D., et al. 1968, Austral. J. Phys., 21, 475.
Morris, D., et al. 1968, Austral. J. Phys., 21, 493.
Morris, D., Tabara, H. 1973, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, 25, 295.
Olsen, E. T., Aller, H. D. 1971, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 3, 25.
Porcas, R. W., et al. 1974, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 167, 41P.
Riley, J. M. 1972, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 157, 349.
Rosenberg, I. 1970, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 151, 109.
Sastry, C. V., et al. 1966, Astrophys. J., 71, 869.
Sastry, C. V., et al. 1967, Astrophys. J., 72, 230.
Schraml, J., et al. 1967, Astrophys. J., 150, L15.
Schwartz, U. J., et al. 1974, Austral. J. Phys., 27, 563.
Seielstad, G. A. 1967, Astrophys. J., 147, 24.
Seielstad, G. A., Weiler, K. W. 1968, Astron. J., 73, 200.
Seielstad, G. A., Weiler, K. W. 1969, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 18, 85.
Seielstad, G. A., Weiler, K. W. 1971, Astron. J., 76, 211.
Soboleva, N. S. 1966, Astron. Zh., 43, 266.
Soboleva, N. S. 1969, Astron. Zh., 46, 955.
Soboleva, N. S. 1974, Astron. Zh., 51, 71.
Soboleva, N. S. 1974, Astron. Zh., 51, 1341.
Tabara, H., et al. 1972, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, 24, 301.
Vallee, J. P., Kronberg, P. P. 1974, Astrophys. J., 183, 303.
Visvanathan, N. 1967, Astrophys. J., 150, L149.
Wardle, J. F. C. 1970, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 2, 352.
Wardle, J. F. C. 1971, Astrophys. Letters, 8, 53.
Wardle, J. F. C. 1971, Astrophys. Letters, 8, 183.
Wardle, J. F. C. 1972, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 3, 465.
Wardle, J. F. C., Sramek, R. A. 1974, Astrophys. J., 189, 389.
Wardle, J. F. C., Kronberg, P. P. 1974, Astrophys. J., 194, 249.
Weiler, K. W., Seielstad, G. A. 1970, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 2, 224.
Weiler, K. W., Seielstad, G. A. 1971, Astrophys. J., 163, 455.
Wright, W. E. 1974, Thesis, California Institute of Technology.
================================================================================
(End) C.-H. Joseph Lyu [Hughes STX/NASA] 5-Apr-1996